I am an adult beginner, and I would like to know in what order I should learn the fundamentals of the game in order to play competitively.

Thanks,

What sports have you participated in over the years?

One thing I always suggest for adult beginners is trying to snag a few private lessons from a local coach. A couple of golf lessons a few years back didn't make me want to quit my day job, but it sure improved my golf game.

Here's a site you could poke around on, the tips/tales tab at the top might help.
https://nevertoolate.com/